Scientists' latest study on black holes has challenged Einstein's theory of relativity

A new study conducted by Canadian and Madrid physicists has shown that the formation of black holes only with the participation of quantum particles of light is impossible. According to the results of the analysis, the process of formation of such cosmic objects does not correspond to the general theory of relativity Albert Einstein.

The discovery of scientists found that even under the most extreme conditions, pure light will not reach the necessary energy level to form a celestial body, writes Live Science. This makes future studies much more difficult, because it makes it impossible to create black holes in the laboratory.

Some of the most intriguing cosmic objects in the universe are formed by the collapse of large stars, when the pressure from explosive reactions is unable to counteract gravity. However, some scientists speculate that they form in a different way, through kugelblitz.

"A kugelblitz is a hypothetical black hole that, instead of being formed by the collapse of 'ordinary matter' (the main constituents are: protons, neutrons, electrons), is formed from the concentration of huge amounts of electromagnetic radiation such as light," explained University of Waterloo physicist Jose Polo-Gomez, "Although light has no mass, it carries energy. So it can in principle form black holes - if we concentrate enough of it in a small volume."

The scientist added that such a hypothesis is consistent with Einstein's classical theory of relativity, which does not take into account any quantum phenomena affecting the formation of the celestial body. Therefore, scientists had to study the action of the Schwinger effect, in which electron-positron pairs arise. When the rate at which the newly formed elements deplete the energy of the electromagnetic field exceeds the rate of its replenishment, the formation of kugelblitz is impossible. According to the results of the experiment, pure light will not be able to form a black hole.

"We prove that a kugelblice cannot be formed by concentrating light artificially in the laboratory or in natural astrophysical scenarios. Even if we used the most powerful lasers on Earth, we would still be more than 50 orders of magnitude away from the necessary intensity," said study co-author Luis Garay.

Einstein's general theory of relativity

World-renowned theoretical physicist Albert Einstein published the general theory of relativity in 1916. According to it, the force we call gravity is no different from the gravitational force of an accelerating ship. Consequently, those aboard a speeding transport would stick to the floor just like people on Earth.

The scientist worked on the development of the equation of the general theory of relativity for 10 years. This mathematical expression has the following components:

• the curvature of light around massive objects;
• the slow evolution of the orbit of the planet Mercury;

• the dragging of space-time around rotating bodies;
• the weakening of light beyond the limits of gravity;
• gravitational waves caused by cosmic collisions;
• the existence of black holes trapping everything, including light.

As a result, the physicist formed a theory: energy is responsible for creating distortions in space-time, leading to gravitational pull.

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