Scientists confirm a century-old theory that challenges the Big Bang

Scientists at the University of Kansas have published the results of a study that casts doubt on the validity of the Big Bang theory. Instead, scientists confirm the theory of a century ago.

Associate Professor of Computer Science Lior Shamir used images from three telescopes and more than 30,000 galaxies to measure the redshift of galaxies based on their distance from Earth. Redshift is a change in the frequency of light waves emitted by a galaxy, which astronomers use to measure the speed of a galaxy. Shamir's findings confirm the theory of "tired light," Phys.org writes.

"In the 1920s, Edwin Hubble and Georges Lemaitre discovered that the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it moves away from Earth. This discovery led to the Big Bang theory, according to which the Universe began to expand about 13.8 billion years ago. Around the same time, the eminent astronomer Fritz Zwicky suggested that galaxies that were more distant from the Earth were not actually moving faster," said Lior Shamir.

Zwicky claimed that the redshift observed from Earth is not because galaxies are moving, but because photons of light lose their energy as they travel through space. The longer the light travels, the more energy it loses, creating the illusion that galaxies that are farther away from Earth are also moving faster.

According to Shamir, the theory of "tired light" has been largely neglected because astronomers have accepted the Big Bang theory as the consensus model of the universe.

"But some astronomers' confidence in the Big Bang theory began to wane when the powerful James Webb Space Telescope first saw the light. The JWST provided deep images of the very early Universe, but instead of showing a young early Universe as astronomers expected, it showed large and mature galaxies. If the Big Bang happened as scientists originally thought, these galaxies are older than the Universe itself," said Associate Professor Shamir.

While the new images cast doubt on the Big Bang, Lior's study used the constant speed of the Earth's rotation around the center of the Milky Way to examine the redshift of galaxies that move at different speeds relative to the Earth and test how the change in redshift responds to a change in speed.

"The results showed that galaxies that rotate in the opposite direction to the Milky Way have a smaller redshift compared to galaxies that rotate in the same direction to the Milky Way. This difference reflects the motion of the Earth as it rotates with the Milky Way," Shamir said. However, the results also showed that the difference in redshift increased when the galaxies were more distant from Earth.

"Since the speed of rotation of the Earth relative to the galaxies is constant, the reason for the difference could be the distance of the galaxies from the Earth. This shows that the redshift of galaxies varies with distance, which Fritz Zwicky predicted in his theory of light fatigue," summed up by Lior Shamir, associate professor of computer science.

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